SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH APPROACH FOR CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT IN MCMR WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

Nandini Balusu¹ , Suresh Pabboju² and Narsimha G ³

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, India.

²Professor, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.

³Professor, Department of Computer Science, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Abstract 

Wireless Mesh Networks offers cost-efficient and higher network efficiency by utilizing multiple channels multiple radio(MCMR) nodes. Also addition, the amalgamation of multiple radio nodes and multiple hops mesh framework tends to overcome the limitation of single radio networks like the ability to achieve the rising accessible system bandwidth. In spite of these benefits, certain MCMR wireless mesh networks still suffer from performance issues like network connectivity, network throughput degradation whenever network size increases. Thus, an effective channel assignment (CA) approach could minimize the number of interference cochannels and enhance the throughput of the network. Thus, a hybridized form of gravitational search approach and particle swarm optimization is presented in this paper to resolve the issue of CA. The velocity and position updates of PSO are merged with the GSA operations to obtain the best channel with good connectivity. This approach maximizes the capability of exploration and exploitation for global and local searches using PSO and GSA operations. The goal of this methodology is the minimization of a number of interfering links and the maximization of network connectivity and throughput. The experimental results for this approach are carried out using NS2 and compared with previously suggested heuristic optimization algorithms such as Learning Automated and Genetic Algorithm Approach, Improved Gravitational Search Approach and Dynamic particle swarm optimization Approach. The simulation outcome showed a better performance of the suggested methodology compared to existing methodologies.

Keywords 

Wireless Mesh Network, Channel Assignment, Multi-Channel Multi-Radio, Particle Swarm Optimization, Gravitational Search Algorithm.                       

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6RLR-ABC: 6LOWPAN ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH LOCAL REPAIR USING BIO INSPIRED ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY

Nurul Halimatul Asmak Ismail¹ , Samer A. B. Awwad² and Rosilah Hassan³

¹Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, College of Community, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

² Independent Researcher, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

³Center for Cyber Security,Faculty of Information Science and Technology, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Abstract 

In recent years, Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) has successfully enabled the development of IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN). This network is equipped with lowcost, low-power, lightweight and varied functions devices. These devices are capable of amassing, storing, processing environmental information and conversing with neighbouring sensors. These requisites pose a new and interesting challenge for the development of IEEE 802.15.4 together with routing protocol. In this work, 6LoWPAN Routing Protocol with Local Repair Using Bio Inspired Artificial Bee Colony (6RLRABC) has been introduced. This protocol supports connection establishment between nodes in an energyefficient manner while maintaining high packet delivery ratio and throughput and minimizing average endto-end delay. This protocol has been evaluated based on increasing generated traffic. The performance of the designed 6RLR-ABC routing protocol has been evaluated compared to 6LoWPAN Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (LOAD) routing protocol. LOAD protocol has been chosen since it is the most relevant existed 6LoWPANrouting protocol. The simulation results show that the introduced 6RLR-ABC protocol achieves lower packet average end-to-end delay and lower energy consumption compared to LOAD protocol.Additionally,the packet delivery ratio of the designed protocol is much higher than LOAD protocol. The proposed 6RLR-ABC achieved about 39% higher packet delivery ratio and about 54.8% higher throughput while simultaneously offering lower average end-to-end delay and lower average energy consumption than LOAD protocol.

Keywords 

6LoWPAN, routing, local repair, 6RLR-ABC, LR-ABC mechanism;
                       

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Consensus Routing And Environmental Discrete Trust Based Secure AODV in MANETs

Radha Raman Chandan and P.K.Mishra
Department of Computer Science & DST-CIMS, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi

Abstract 

The Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network model for infrastructure-less communication, and it provides numerous applications in different areas. The MANET is vulnerable to a Black-hole attack, and it affects routing functionality by dropping all the incoming packets purposefully. The Black-hole attackers pretend that it always has the best path to the destination node to mislead the source nodes. Trust is the critical factor for detecting and isolating the Black-hole attackers from the network. However, the harsh channel conditions make it difficult to differentiate the Black-hole routing activities and accurate trust measurement. Hence, incorporating the consensus-based trust evidence collection from the neighbouring nodes improves the accuracy of trust. For improving the accuracy of trust, this work suggests Consensus Routing and Environmental DIscrete Trust (CREDIT) Based Secure AODV. The CREDIT incorporates Discrete and Consensus trust information. The Discrete parameters represent the specific characteristics of the Black-hole attacks, such as routing behaviour, hop count deviation, and sequence number deviation. The direct trust accurately differentiates the Black-hole attackers using Discrete parameters, only when the nodes perform sufficient communication between the nodes. To solve such issues, the CREDIT includes the Consensus-based trust information. However, secure routing against the Black-hole attack is challenging due to incomplete preferences. The in-degree centrality and Importance degree measurement on the collected consensus-based trust from decisionmakers solve the incomplete preference issue as well as improves the accuracy of trust. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). From the simulation results, it is proved that the detection accuracy and throughput of the proposed CREDIT are substantially high and the proposed CREDIT scheme outperforms the existing work

Keywords 

MANETs, Black-hole attack, Security, Discrete trust, Consensus Trust, and Contextual information.
                       

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