LOCALIZATION SCHEMES FOR UNDERWATER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: SURVEY

Faiza Al-Salti¹ , N. Alzeidi² and Khaled Day²

¹Department of Computing, Muscat College, Oman

²Department of Computer Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman

Abstract 

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) enable a variety of applications such as fish farming and water quality monitoring. One of the critical tasks in such networks is localization. Location information can be used in sensor networks for several purposes such as (i) data tagging in which sensed information is not useful for the application unless the location of the sensed information is known, (ii) tracking objects or (iii) multi-hop data transmission in geographic routing protocols. Since GPS does not work well underwater, several localization schemes have been developed for UWSNs. This paper surveys the state-ofthe-art of localization schemes for UWSNs. It describes the existing schemes and classifies them into different categories. Furthermore, the paper discusses some open research issues that need further investigation in this area.

Keywords 

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks, Localization, Ranging Methods, Positioning, Range-based &Range-free.                  

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SIGNALING PROTOCOLS FOR LOCAL AREA NETWORKS OF DRONES

Prabhu Jyot Singh and Rohan de Silva

School of Engineering and Technology CQ University Sydney, Australia

Abstract 

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones have become extremely popular and are used in various commercial applications. When multiple UAVs communicate and work together, they form a UAV network. A private UAV network or Local Area Network of Drones (LoDs) is a special type of UAV network which has the minimum number of UAVs to carry out a certain task. All UAVs in a LoD use the wireless medium to send and receive the data as well as the control signals. An organization or a single owner will be more interested in this type of network, where they want multiple UAVs to scan an area, communicate with each other, and send all the images and live video streams to a single ground station. The currently available commercial UAVs Can send the video signals to and receive control signals only from their own ground station controllers. However, in an LoD network where UAVs are connected in tandem, the UAVs that are in the middle of the network have to carry the control and video signals of other UAVs. Given the limited processing power and dynamic memory capacity of UAVs, this would increase the queuing delays and performance. In this paper, we study the frame formats of existing control, feedback, and data messages of commercial AR UAVs and propose a new approach to construct the payloads of control and feedback frames that are suitable for an LoDs. We compare the performance of our approach of single control and feedback frame for all UAVs in a LoD branch with that of separate control and feedback frames for each UAV. We calculate and compare the UAV node processing delay in both types of signaling mechanisms and show that the single control and feedback frame signaling has less delay on the average.

Keywords 

UAV communication, Private UAV Network, LANs of Drones, Signaling Frames, Control and feedback singling                     

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ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-HOP ROUTING WITH UNEQUAL CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Younes El Assari , Samia Al Fallah, Jihane El Aasri, Mounir Arioua and Ahmed El Oualkadi

Laboratory of Information and Communication Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco

Abstract 

The development of an energy-efficient routing protocol, capable of extending the life of the network, is one of the main constraints of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Research studies on WSN routing prove that clustering offers an effective approach to prolong the lifetime of a WSN, particularly when it is combined with multi-hop communication that can reduces energy costs by minimizing the distance between transmitter and receiver. Most clustering algorithms using multi-hop in data transmission encounter the hotspot problem. In this work, an Energy-efficient Multi-hop routing with Unequal Clustering approach (EMUC) is proposed, to create clusters of different sizes, which depend on the distance between the sensor node and the base station. Equilibrate the energy dissipation between the cluster heads is the purpose of this approach by adopting multi-hop communication to relay data to the base station. The implementation of multi-hop mode to transmit data to the base station reduces the energy cost of transmission over long distances. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through performed simulations, which prove that EMUC balances energy consumption between sensor nodes, mitigates the hotspots problem, saves more energy and significantly extends the network lifetime.

Keywords 

Energy-efficient, Hotspot issue, Routing protocols, Unequal clustering, Wireless sensor networks, Multihop communication                      

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SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH APPROACH FOR CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT IN MCMR WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

Nandini Balusu¹ , Suresh Pabboju² and Narsimha G ³

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, India.

²Professor, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.

³Professor, Department of Computer Science, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Abstract 

Wireless Mesh Networks offers cost-efficient and higher network efficiency by utilizing multiple channels multiple radio(MCMR) nodes. Also addition, the amalgamation of multiple radio nodes and multiple hops mesh framework tends to overcome the limitation of single radio networks like the ability to achieve the rising accessible system bandwidth. In spite of these benefits, certain MCMR wireless mesh networks still suffer from performance issues like network connectivity, network throughput degradation whenever network size increases. Thus, an effective channel assignment (CA) approach could minimize the number of interference cochannels and enhance the throughput of the network. Thus, a hybridized form of gravitational search approach and particle swarm optimization is presented in this paper to resolve the issue of CA. The velocity and position updates of PSO are merged with the GSA operations to obtain the best channel with good connectivity. This approach maximizes the capability of exploration and exploitation for global and local searches using PSO and GSA operations. The goal of this methodology is the minimization of a number of interfering links and the maximization of network connectivity and throughput. The experimental results for this approach are carried out using NS2 and compared with previously suggested heuristic optimization algorithms such as Learning Automated and Genetic Algorithm Approach, Improved Gravitational Search Approach and Dynamic particle swarm optimization Approach. The simulation outcome showed a better performance of the suggested methodology compared to existing methodologies.

Keywords 

Wireless Mesh Network, Channel Assignment, Multi-Channel Multi-Radio, Particle Swarm Optimization, Gravitational Search Algorithm.                       

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6RLR-ABC: 6LOWPAN ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH LOCAL REPAIR USING BIO INSPIRED ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY

Nurul Halimatul Asmak Ismail¹ , Samer A. B. Awwad² and Rosilah Hassan³

¹Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, College of Community, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

² Independent Researcher, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

³Center for Cyber Security,Faculty of Information Science and Technology, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Abstract 

In recent years, Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) has successfully enabled the development of IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN). This network is equipped with lowcost, low-power, lightweight and varied functions devices. These devices are capable of amassing, storing, processing environmental information and conversing with neighbouring sensors. These requisites pose a new and interesting challenge for the development of IEEE 802.15.4 together with routing protocol. In this work, 6LoWPAN Routing Protocol with Local Repair Using Bio Inspired Artificial Bee Colony (6RLRABC) has been introduced. This protocol supports connection establishment between nodes in an energyefficient manner while maintaining high packet delivery ratio and throughput and minimizing average endto-end delay. This protocol has been evaluated based on increasing generated traffic. The performance of the designed 6RLR-ABC routing protocol has been evaluated compared to 6LoWPAN Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (LOAD) routing protocol. LOAD protocol has been chosen since it is the most relevant existed 6LoWPANrouting protocol. The simulation results show that the introduced 6RLR-ABC protocol achieves lower packet average end-to-end delay and lower energy consumption compared to LOAD protocol.Additionally,the packet delivery ratio of the designed protocol is much higher than LOAD protocol. The proposed 6RLR-ABC achieved about 39% higher packet delivery ratio and about 54.8% higher throughput while simultaneously offering lower average end-to-end delay and lower average energy consumption than LOAD protocol.

Keywords 

6LoWPAN, routing, local repair, 6RLR-ABC, LR-ABC mechanism;
                       

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Consensus Routing And Environmental Discrete Trust Based Secure AODV in MANETs

Radha Raman Chandan and P.K.Mishra
Department of Computer Science & DST-CIMS, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi

Abstract 

The Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network model for infrastructure-less communication, and it provides numerous applications in different areas. The MANET is vulnerable to a Black-hole attack, and it affects routing functionality by dropping all the incoming packets purposefully. The Black-hole attackers pretend that it always has the best path to the destination node to mislead the source nodes. Trust is the critical factor for detecting and isolating the Black-hole attackers from the network. However, the harsh channel conditions make it difficult to differentiate the Black-hole routing activities and accurate trust measurement. Hence, incorporating the consensus-based trust evidence collection from the neighbouring nodes improves the accuracy of trust. For improving the accuracy of trust, this work suggests Consensus Routing and Environmental DIscrete Trust (CREDIT) Based Secure AODV. The CREDIT incorporates Discrete and Consensus trust information. The Discrete parameters represent the specific characteristics of the Black-hole attacks, such as routing behaviour, hop count deviation, and sequence number deviation. The direct trust accurately differentiates the Black-hole attackers using Discrete parameters, only when the nodes perform sufficient communication between the nodes. To solve such issues, the CREDIT includes the Consensus-based trust information. However, secure routing against the Black-hole attack is challenging due to incomplete preferences. The in-degree centrality and Importance degree measurement on the collected consensus-based trust from decisionmakers solve the incomplete preference issue as well as improves the accuracy of trust. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). From the simulation results, it is proved that the detection accuracy and throughput of the proposed CREDIT are substantially high and the proposed CREDIT scheme outperforms the existing work

Keywords 

MANETs, Black-hole attack, Security, Discrete trust, Consensus Trust, and Contextual information.
                       

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ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINED HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL COMPRESSION APPROACH IN CLUSTER-BASED WSNS

JIHANE EL AASRI, SAMIA AL FALLAH, MOUNIR ARIOUA and
AHMED EL OUALKADI
Laboratory of Information and Communication Technologies, National School of Applied Science, Tangier Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco

Abstract 

Energy efficiency is an essential issue to be reckoned in wireless sensor networks development. Since the low-powered sensor nodes deplete their energy in transmitting the collected information, several strategies have been proposed to investigate the communication power consumption, in order to reduce the amount of transmitted data without affecting the information reliability. Lossy compression is a promising solution recently adapted to overcome the challenging energy consumption, by exploiting the data correlation and discarding the redundant information. In this paper, we propose a hybrid compression approach based on two dimensions specified as horizontal (HC) and vertical compression (VC), typically implemented in cluster-based routing architecture. The proposed scheme considers two key performance metrics, energy expenditure, and data accuracy to decide the adequate compression approach based on HC-VC or VC-HC configuration according to each WSN application requirement. Simulation results exhibit the performance of both proposed approaches in terms of extending the clustering network lifetime.

Keywords 

WSN, Clustering, Vertical compression, Horizontal compression, Energy efficiency, Data reliability
                       

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CLBNSRM - CONFIDENCE LEVEL BASED UNBLEND NEIGHBOR SELECTION &BLEND NODE REPORT BASED OPTIMIZED ROUTE FORMATION IN MANET

S. J. Patil¹ , L.S. Admuthe² and M. R. Patil³

¹Research Scholer,Department of Electronics and Communication, VTU, RRC, Belgavi, Karnataka, India.

² Department of Electronics Engineering, DKTE’S Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji. Maharashtra, India.

³ J.A.G.M. Institute of Technology, Jamkhandhi, Karnataka, India.

Abstract 

A mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is an impulsive network that can be recognized with no predetermined infrastructure. To achieve safe path selection cryptographic key exchange was implemented mostly in turn of huge computational cost. Confidence based coordination in MANET focuses on routing challenges created by selfish nodes, as energy utilization & time factor are key issues in this aspect. The present protocol is focused on fuzzy optimization-based node confidence estimation and path selection with minimum energy utilization. The node with maximum confidence value will give high priority to include in the path for transmission. In the implemented protocol to build a novel confidence-based model multidimensional factors like confidence value, link cost, degree of node and node energy are included as decision-making factors. The proposed protocol CLBNSRM estimates confidence level in four steps to decide a trustworthiness of neighboring node. To estimate the efficiency of the present confidence model various protocols are compared by using attributes like the number of nodes, node speed, malicious node variation, etc. Moreover, different parameters like Packet delivery ratio, Throughput, Residual energy, and Packet dropped are considered with these attribute variations. Experimental results indicate that PDR and Throughput increase although in presence of malicious nodes, along with the utilization of minimal energy. Statistical analysis is carried out for mathematical modeling. This analysis shows that a linear model of an implemented protocol is better than compared protocol with all the aspects.

Keywords 

MANET, Path Selection, Confidence, Priority, Fuzzy Optimization.
                       

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AUTO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TO ENHANCE RELIABILITY AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HETEROGENEOUS CLOUD COMPUTING

Moataz H. Khalil^{1, 2}, Mohamed Azab² , Ashraf Elsayed³, Walaa Sheta^{1, 2} Mahmoud Gabr³ and Adel S. Elmaghraby^1,2

¹CECS Department, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

²The City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt.

³Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Faculty of Science,

Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract 

A classic information processing has been replaced by cloud computing in more studies where cloud computing becomes more popular and growing than other computing models. Cloud computing works for providing on-demand services for users. Reliability and energy consumption are two hot challenges and tradeoffs problem in the cloud computing environment that requires accurate attention and research. This paper proposes an Auto Resource Management (ARM) scheme to enhance reliability by reducing the Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation and reduce energy consumed by cloud computing servers. In this context, the ARM consists of three compounds, they are static/dynamic threshold, virtual machine selection policy, and short prediction resource utilization method. The Minimum Utilization Non-Negative (MUN) virtual machine selection policy and Rate of Change (RoC) dynamic threshold present in this paper. Also, a method of choosing a value as the static threshold is proposed. To improve ARM performance, the paper proposes a Short Prediction Resource Utilization (SPRU) that aims to improve the process of decision making by including the resources utilization of future time and the current time. The output results show that SPRU enhanced the decision-making process for managing cloud computing resources and reduced energy consumption and the SLA violation. The proposed scheme tested under real workload data over the CloudSim simulator

Keywords 

Cloud computing, Service Level Agreement, Reliability, energy consumption, Virtual machine migration, Resource management, utilization resource prediction.
                       

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VIRTUAL CACHE & VIRTUAL WAN ACCELERATOR FUNCTION PLACEMENT FOR COST-EFFECTIVE CONTENT DELIVERY SERVICES

Shin-ichi Kuribayashi

Department of Computer and Information Science, Seikei University, Japan

Abstract 

The algorithm to determine the place where network functions are located and how much capacities of network function flexibly are required is essential for economical NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)- based network design. The authors proposed a placement algorithm of virtual routing function and virtual firewall function in the NFV-based network for minimizing the total network cost and developed the effective allocation guidelines for these virtual functions. This paper proposes an NFV-based virtual cache placement algorithm for cost-effective content delivery service such as video streaming, which judges the optimal placement of the cache per content, not on a virtual machine (VM) like the conventional CDN (virtual CDN). Moreover, the content is dynamically cached at the time of first content delivery like ICN (Information-Centric Networking) without placing the cache in advance like CDN .Our evaluation results revealed that the proposed algorithm could reduce total network costs by about 15% compared with CDN .Even if the content cache is deployed economically, performance will degrade if the latency between the content cache and user terminals is long. In order to prevent such a case, this paper also propose a cost-effective placement method of NFV-based WAN accelerator function.

Keywords 

NFV, resource allocation, virtual cache, virtual WAN accelerator, content delivery services, minimum network cost
                       

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MOBILE CROWD SENSING RPL-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR SMART CITY

Yahya Al Sawafi, Abderezak Touzene, Khaled Day and Nasser Alzeidi

 Department of Computer Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman

Abstract 

Recently, Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) has been used in many smart city monitoring applications, leveraging the latest smartphone features of sensing and networking. However, most of these applications use a direct internet connection for sending the collected data to the server through a 3G or 4G (LTE) network.This type of communication leads to higher bandwidth, battery consumption, and higher data plan cost. In this paper, we presenta new ad-hoc tree-based routing protocol named MCS-RPL based on theIoT RPL protocol for the smart city context. The proposed protocol aims to utilize smartphone and Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) opportunistically to support static Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and to cover more sensing areas with less routing overhead and power consumption. MCS-RPL usesa grid-based cluster head to address mobility issues and reduce control packets. The conducted performance evaluation reveals that the proposed protocol outperforms RPL in terms of packet delivery ratio and power consumption due to control packet overhead reduction, which reached more than 75% in the tested scenarios

Keywords 

MCS; Routing; ad-hoc;Opportunistic Networks; RPL; Smart City; 
                       

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Performance Evaluation of Modbus TCP in Normal Operation and Under A Distributed Denial of Service Attack

Eric Gamess¹ , Brody Smith¹ , and Guillermo Francia III²

¹MCIS Department, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, USA

²Center for Cybersecurity, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA

Abstract 

Modbus is the de facto standard communication protocol for the industrial world. It was initially designed to be used in serial communications (Modbus RTU/ASCII). However, not long ago, it was adapted to TCP due to the increasing popularity of the TCP/IP stack. Since it was originally designed for controlled serial lines, Modbus does not have any security features. In this paper, we wrote several benchmarks to evaluate the performance of networking devices that run Modbus TCP. Parameters reported by our benchmarks include: (1) response time for Modbus requests, (2) maximum number of requests successfully handled by Modbus devices in a specific amount of time, and (3) monitoring of Modbus devices when suffering a Distributed Denial of Service attack. Due to the growing adoption of IoT technologies, we also selected two widely known and inexpensive development boards (ESP8266 and Raspberry Pi 3 B+/OpenPLC) to realize a performance evaluation of Modbus TCP.

Keywords 

Modbus, Internet of Things, Programmable Logic Controllers, Security, DDoS, Network Evaluation,
Benchmark.
                       

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AN ADAPTIVE DIFFSERV APPROACH TO SUPPORT QOS IN NETWORK MOBILITY NEMO ENVIRONMENTEVALUATION OF MODBUS TCP IN NORMAL OPERATION AND UNDER A DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK

Loay F. Hussein ^1,2 , Aisha-Hassan AbdallaHashim² , Mohamed Hadi Habaebi² , and Wan Haslina Hassan³

¹ Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract 

Network Mobility Basic Support (NEMO BS) protocol (RFC 3963) is an extension of Mobile IPv6. The NEMO BS embraced by IETF working group to permit any node in the portable network to be accessible to the Internet despite the fact the network itself is roaming. This protocol likewise Mobile IPv6 doesn’t deliver any kind of Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to its clients. It can barely offer the same level of services (i.e. Best-Effort) to all the users without obligation to the application’s needs. This propositions a challenge to real-time applications that demand a precise level of QoS pledge. The Differentiated Services has recently come to be the most widely used QoS support technology in IP networks due to its relative simplicity and scalability benefits. This paper proposes a new scheme to provide QoS to mobile network nodes within NEMO context. The proposed scheme intends to reduce handover latency for the users of MNN as well as alleviates packet losses. The feasibility of the proposed enhancement is assessed by measuring its performance against the native NEMO BS standard protocol using NS-2 simulator. The obtained results in the simulation study have demonstrated that the proposed scheme outperforms the standard NEMO BS protocol.

Keywords 

Mobile IPv6, FHMIPv6, NEMO, QoS, DiffServ. 
                       

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COMPARATIVE AND QOS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL-AERIAL PLATFORMS-SATELLITES SYSTEMS FOR TEMPORARY EVENTS

Faris. A. Almalki

Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology
Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract 

Wireless communications, nowadays, becomes a vital element of people’s daily life. Providing global connectivity in future communication systems via the heterogeneous network opens up many research topics to investigate potentialities, enabling technologies, and challenges from the perspective of the integrated wireless systems. This paper aims to drive a comprehensive and comparative study on terrestrial-aerial platforms- satellite wireless communications systems, includes their characteristics and unravelling challenges. The comparison focuses on issues that reportedly can evaluate any wireless systems for temporary events. These issues are altitude and coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) propagation, interference, handover, power supply constraints, deployment and maintenance challenges, reliability on special events or disaster relief, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Last, Quality of service (QoS) performance is analysed for the four wireless communication systems from the temporary events perspective using the OPNET Modeller simulation tool. Results infer that space-based wireless systems outperform terrestrial ones.

Keywords 

Terrestial; Aerial Platforms; Satellites; QoS Performance; Temporary Events
                       

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MULTI-CLUSTER MULTI-CHANNEL SCHEDULING (MMS) ALGORITHM FOR MAXIMUM DATA COLLECTION WITH DELAY MINIMIZATION IN WSN

A. Vijayalakshmi¹ and P. Vanaja Ranjan²

 ¹Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India

²Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering Anna University, Chennai. India

Abstract 

Interference during data transmission can cause performance degradation like packet collisions in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). While multi-channels available in IEEE 802.15.4 protocol standard WSN technology can be exploited to reduce interference, allocating channel and channel switching algorithms can have a major impact on the performance of multi-channel communication. This paper presents an improved Fuzzy Logic based Cluster Formation and Cluster Head (CH) Selection algorithm with enhanced network lifetime for multi-cluster topology. The Multi-Cluster Multi-Channel Scheduling (MMS) algorithm proposed in this paper improves the data collection by minimizing the maximum interference and collision. The presented work has developed Cluster formation and cluster head (CH) selection algorithm and Interference-free data communication by proper channel scheduled. The extensive simulation and experimental outcomes prove that the proposed algorithm not only provides an interference-free transmission but also provides delay minimization and longevity of the network lifetime, which makes the presented algorithm suitable for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks.

Keywords 

Wireless Sensor Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Cluster Formation, Cluster Head, Channel Assignment, Channel Switching, Delay Minimization, Network Lifetime.
                       

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THE METHOD OF DETECTING ONLINE PASSWORD ATTACKS BASED ON HIGH-LEVEL PROTOCOL ANALYSIS AND CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES

Nguyen Hong Son¹ and Ha Thanh Dung²

¹Faculty of Information Technology Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Vietnam 

²Faculty of Information Systems and Remote Sensing Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environments, Vietnam

Abstract 

Although there have been many solutions applied, the safety challenges related to the password security mechanism are not reduced. The reason for this is that while the means and tools to support password attacks are becoming more and more abundant, the number of transaction systems through the Internet is increasing, and new services systems appear. For example, IoT also uses password-based authentication. In this context, consolidating password-based authentication mechanisms is critical, but monitoring measures for timely detection of attacks also play an important role in this battle. The password attack detection solutions being used need to be supplemented and improved to meet the new situation. In this paper we propose a solution that automatically detects online password attacks in a way that is based solely on the network, using unsupervised learning techniques and protected application orientation. Our solution therefore minimizes dependence on the factors encountered by host-based or supervised learning solutions. The certainty of the solution comes from using the results of in-depth analysis of attack characteristics to build the detection capacity of the mechanism. The solution was implemented experimentally on the real system and gave positive results.

Keywords 

Online password attack detection, unsupervised learning, protocol analysis, DBSCAN clustering algorithm 
                       

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