Mohamad T. Sultan and Salim M. Zaki
1Department of Computer Science, Cihan University, Erbil, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a distributed, infrastructure-less and decentralized network. A routing
protocol in MANET is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication within the
network. Numerous routing protocols have been proposed for MANET. Those routing protocols are
designed to adaptively accommodate for dynamic unpredictable changes in network's topology. The mobile
nodes in MANET are often powered by limited batteries and network lifetime relies heavily on the energy
consumption of nodes. In consequence, the lack of a mobile node can lead to network partitioning. In this
paper we analyse, evaluate and measure the energy efficiency of three prominent MANET routing protocols
namely DSR, AODV and OLSR in addition to modified protocols. These routing protocols follow the
reactive and the proactive routing schemes. A discussion and comparison highlighting their particular
merits and drawbacks are also presented. Evaluation study and simulations are performed using NS-2 and
its accompanying tools for analysis and investigation of results.
KEYWORDS
MANETs, Energy-aware, Routing protocols, Ad-hoc networks, power consumption.
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